Mosaic abnormalities increase

Physiological

Data Availability

45 to 79 years

Tissues

  • blood Changes
    • Anatomical System
      • anatomical site
        • head and neck
        • thorax
          • thoracic wall
        • abdomen
        • pelvis
        • perineum
        • upper limb
        • lower limb
        • whole body
        • adipose tissue
        • mucosa
        • spine
      • cardiovascular system
        • heart
          • atrium
          • ventricle
            • left ventricle
          • endocardium
          • myocardium
          • pericardium
          • cardiac valve
          • cardiac conducting system
        • artery
          • aorta
          • arterial intima
          • arterial media
          • arterial adventitia
          • carotid artery
          • coronary artery
        • vein
          • venous intima
          • venous media
          • venous adventitia
        • capillary
      • respiratory system
        • nose
        • sinus
        • larynx
        • trachea
        • bronchus
        • lung
          • alveolus
        • pleura
        • diaphragm
      • hematological system
        • bone marrow
          • hematopoietic stem cells
          • mesenchymal stem cell
        • blood
          • plasma
          • myeloid progenitor cell
      • lymphoreticular system
        • lymph
        • lymph node
        • tonsil
        • spleen
      • alimentary system
        • oral cavity
          • tongue
          • salivary gland
          • tooth
          • gum
        • pharynx
          • nasopharynx
          • oropharynx
          • hypopharynx
        • oesophagus
        • stomach
          • gastric mucosa
        • intestine
          • small intestine
            • duodenum
            • jejunum
            • ileum
          • vermiform appendix
          • large intestine
            • colorectal
              • colon
                • appendix
              • rectum
            • anus
            • cecum
        • mesentery
        • omentum
        • peritoneum
        • liver and biliary system
          • liver
          • gall bladder
          • bile duct
        • pancreas
          • exocrine pancreas
      • urogenital system
        • urinary system
          • kidney
            • nephron
              • renal corpuscle
                • glomerus
              • renal tubule
                • renal proximal convoluted tubule
                • renal distal convoluted tubule
                • loop of Henle
                • renal collecting duct
            • renal vasculature
            • glomerulus
          • ureter
          • bladder
          • urethra
        • reproductive system
          • male reproductive system
            • testis
              • seminiferous tubule
            • epididymis
            • prostate
            • vas deferens
            • penis
              • glans
              • foreskin
          • female reproductive system
            • ovary
            • uterine tube
            • uterus
              • cervix
              • endometrium
              • myometrium
            • vagina
            • vulva
            • breast
              • mammary gland
      • endocrine system
        • endocrine pancreas
          • islets of Langerhans
        • pineal gland
        • pituitary gland
        • thyroid
        • parathyroid
        • adrenal gland
          • adrenal cortex
          • adrenal medulla
      • musculoskeletal system
        • bone
          • ulna
          • femur
        • cartilage
        • joint
          • synovium
          • ligament
          • meniscus
        • muscle
          • skeletal muscle
          • smooth muscle
        • tendon
        • fascia
      • integument system
        • skin
          • epidermis
          • dermis
        • appendages
          • hair follicle
          • hair
          • nail bed
          • nail
          • sweat gland
          • sebaceous gland
        • subcutaneous
      • nervous system
        • central nervous system
          • brain
            • cerebrum
              • cerebral cortex
                • frontal lobe
                  • prefrontal cortex
                • parietal lobe
                • temporal lobe
                • occipital lobe
                • visual
                • insula
                • olfactory bulb
                • anterior olfactory nucleus
                • lateral olfactory stria
                • medial olfactory stria
                • olfactory tubercle
                • primary olfactory cortex
                • secondary olfactory cortex
                • hippocampus
                • parahippocampal gyrus
              • basal nuclei
            • hypothalamus
              • preoptic nucleus
              • supraoptic nucleus
              • suprachiasmatic nucleus
              • paraventricular nucleus
              • infundibular nucleus
              • anterior nucleus
              • dorsomedial nucleus
              • ventromedial nucleus
              • lateral nucleus
              • posterior nucleus
              • premamillary nucleus
              • tuberomamillary nucleus
              • medial mamillary nucleus
              • lateral mamillary nucleus
              • lateral tuberal nucleus
            • brain stem
              • midbrain
                • crus cerebri
                • colliculi
                • substantia nigra
                • red nucleus
                • periaqueductal grey matter
                • oculomotor nucleus
                • trochlear nucleus
                • mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
              • pons
                • vestibular nuclei
                • cochlear nuclei
                • superior olivary nucleus
                • trapezoid nucleus
                • nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
                • abducent nucleus
                • facial nucleus
                • salivatory nuclei
                • trigeminal nucleus
            • cerebellum
              • cerebellum cortex
              • cerebellum nuclei
            • tract
              • corpus callosum
            • ventricular system
            • cerebrospinal fluid
            • meninges
            • white matter
            • grey matter
            • blood brain barrier
          • spinal cord
        • peripheral nervous system
          • visual apparatus
            • globe
            • eyelid
            • lacrimal gland
            • conjunctiva
            • cornea
            • sclera
            • lens
            • vitreous humor
            • iris
            • ciliary body
            • choroid
            • retina
            • optic nerve
            • trabecular meshwork
          • auditory apparatus
            • external ear
            • middle ear
            • tympanum
            • auditory tube
            • auditory ossicle
            • internal ear
              • osseous labyrinth
                • cochlea
                  • spiral organ of Corti
                • semicircular canal
                • vestibule
              • membranous labyrinth
          • olfactory apparatus
          • peripheral nerve
          • ganglion
          • sympathetic chain
      • immune system
        • thymus
          • T cell progenitor
        • lymphocytes
        • B cell
        • memory B cell
        • T cell
        • T regulatory cell
        • stromal cell
        • naïve T cell
        • neutrophil
        • macrophage
        • natural killer cell
        • dendritic cell
        • leukocyte
  • oral cavity Changes
    • Anatomical System
      • anatomical site
        • head and neck
        • thorax
          • thoracic wall
        • abdomen
        • pelvis
        • perineum
        • upper limb
        • lower limb
        • whole body
        • adipose tissue
        • mucosa
        • spine
      • cardiovascular system
        • heart
          • atrium
          • ventricle
            • left ventricle
          • endocardium
          • myocardium
          • pericardium
          • cardiac valve
          • cardiac conducting system
        • artery
          • aorta
          • arterial intima
          • arterial media
          • arterial adventitia
          • carotid artery
          • coronary artery
        • vein
          • venous intima
          • venous media
          • venous adventitia
        • capillary
      • respiratory system
        • nose
        • sinus
        • larynx
        • trachea
        • bronchus
        • lung
          • alveolus
        • pleura
        • diaphragm
      • hematological system
        • bone marrow
          • hematopoietic stem cells
          • mesenchymal stem cell
        • blood
          • plasma
          • myeloid progenitor cell
      • lymphoreticular system
        • lymph
        • lymph node
        • tonsil
        • spleen
      • alimentary system
        • oral cavity
          • tongue
          • salivary gland
          • tooth
          • gum
        • pharynx
          • nasopharynx
          • oropharynx
          • hypopharynx
        • oesophagus
        • stomach
          • gastric mucosa
        • intestine
          • small intestine
            • duodenum
            • jejunum
            • ileum
          • vermiform appendix
          • large intestine
            • colorectal
              • colon
                • appendix
              • rectum
            • anus
            • cecum
        • mesentery
        • omentum
        • peritoneum
        • liver and biliary system
          • liver
          • gall bladder
          • bile duct
        • pancreas
          • exocrine pancreas
      • urogenital system
        • urinary system
          • kidney
            • nephron
              • renal corpuscle
                • glomerus
              • renal tubule
                • renal proximal convoluted tubule
                • renal distal convoluted tubule
                • loop of Henle
                • renal collecting duct
            • renal vasculature
            • glomerulus
          • ureter
          • bladder
          • urethra
        • reproductive system
          • male reproductive system
            • testis
              • seminiferous tubule
            • epididymis
            • prostate
            • vas deferens
            • penis
              • glans
              • foreskin
          • female reproductive system
            • ovary
            • uterine tube
            • uterus
              • cervix
              • endometrium
              • myometrium
            • vagina
            • vulva
            • breast
              • mammary gland
      • endocrine system
        • endocrine pancreas
          • islets of Langerhans
        • pineal gland
        • pituitary gland
        • thyroid
        • parathyroid
        • adrenal gland
          • adrenal cortex
          • adrenal medulla
      • musculoskeletal system
        • bone
          • ulna
          • femur
        • cartilage
        • joint
          • synovium
          • ligament
          • meniscus
        • muscle
          • skeletal muscle
          • smooth muscle
        • tendon
        • fascia
      • integument system
        • skin
          • epidermis
          • dermis
        • appendages
          • hair follicle
          • hair
          • nail bed
          • nail
          • sweat gland
          • sebaceous gland
        • subcutaneous
      • nervous system
        • central nervous system
          • brain
            • cerebrum
              • cerebral cortex
                • frontal lobe
                  • prefrontal cortex
                • parietal lobe
                • temporal lobe
                • occipital lobe
                • visual
                • insula
                • olfactory bulb
                • anterior olfactory nucleus
                • lateral olfactory stria
                • medial olfactory stria
                • olfactory tubercle
                • primary olfactory cortex
                • secondary olfactory cortex
                • hippocampus
                • parahippocampal gyrus
              • basal nuclei
            • hypothalamus
              • preoptic nucleus
              • supraoptic nucleus
              • suprachiasmatic nucleus
              • paraventricular nucleus
              • infundibular nucleus
              • anterior nucleus
              • dorsomedial nucleus
              • ventromedial nucleus
              • lateral nucleus
              • posterior nucleus
              • premamillary nucleus
              • tuberomamillary nucleus
              • medial mamillary nucleus
              • lateral mamillary nucleus
              • lateral tuberal nucleus
            • brain stem
              • midbrain
                • crus cerebri
                • colliculi
                • substantia nigra
                • red nucleus
                • periaqueductal grey matter
                • oculomotor nucleus
                • trochlear nucleus
                • mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
              • pons
                • vestibular nuclei
                • cochlear nuclei
                • superior olivary nucleus
                • trapezoid nucleus
                • nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
                • abducent nucleus
                • facial nucleus
                • salivatory nuclei
                • trigeminal nucleus
            • cerebellum
              • cerebellum cortex
              • cerebellum nuclei
            • tract
              • corpus callosum
            • ventricular system
            • cerebrospinal fluid
            • meninges
            • white matter
            • grey matter
            • blood brain barrier
          • spinal cord
        • peripheral nervous system
          • visual apparatus
            • globe
            • eyelid
            • lacrimal gland
            • conjunctiva
            • cornea
            • sclera
            • lens
            • vitreous humor
            • iris
            • ciliary body
            • choroid
            • retina
            • optic nerve
            • trabecular meshwork
          • auditory apparatus
            • external ear
            • middle ear
            • tympanum
            • auditory tube
            • auditory ossicle
            • internal ear
              • osseous labyrinth
                • cochlea
                  • spiral organ of Corti
                • semicircular canal
                • vestibule
              • membranous labyrinth
          • olfactory apparatus
          • peripheral nerve
          • ganglion
          • sympathetic chain
      • immune system
        • thymus
          • T cell progenitor
        • lymphocytes
        • B cell
        • memory B cell
        • T cell
        • T regulatory cell
        • stromal cell
        • naïve T cell
        • neutrophil
        • macrophage
        • natural killer cell
        • dendritic cell
        • leukocyte

References

Referencing provided by LibAge

External Links

Description

In an analysis of clonal mosaic abnormalities based on 13 genome-wide association studies, the frequency of cancer-free individuals with detectable clonal mosaic events increased with age from 0.23% for those under 50 to 1.91% (P = 4.8 × 10−8) for those between the ages of 75 and 79, with slightly higher frequencies occurring in individuals with cancer. In another study, clonal mosaicism for large chromosomal anomalies (duplications, deletions and uniparental disomy) was found using SNP microarray data from over 50,000 subjects recruited for genome-wide association studies. The frequency of clonal mosaicism in peripheral blood was found to be low (<0.5%) from birth until 50 years of age, after which it rapidly increased to 2-3% in the elderly.